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Thermal comfort and its estimation
Žáková, Monika ; Vondra, Vlastimil (referee) ; Nováková, Zuzana (advisor)
This paper summarizes the problems of human thermoregulation and its measurement, with a focus on the method of indirect calorimetry in resting conditions at different ambient temperatures and during physical activity. It also introduces the issue of human thermal comfort and the methodology of its monitoring using thermal manikin. It describes PowerCube Ergo (Ganshorn, Germany) and Cardiovit AT-104 (Schiller, Switzerland), the diagnostic devices used to spiro-ergometry measurements. It introduces the options to export data. The work proposes the protocol for measuring the thermoregulation of the small group of volunteers, which is realized by the practical part. According to the same protocol is monitored thermal comfort of the thermal manikin. In MATLAB is created the application, allowing clear analysis of measurement records. The data are evaluated and discussed.
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Local Control of Seat Ventilation and Its Impact on Human Thermal Comfort
Matuška, Jaroslav ; Toma, Róbert (referee) ; Fišer, Jan (advisor)
Diplomová práce je zaměřena na měření ventilovaného sedadla s ohledem na tepelný komfort člověka. Popisuje a shrnuje tepelný přenos lidského těla s okolím a termoregulaci člověka. Dále zachycuje a zhodnocuje vybrané přístupy hodnocení tepelného komfortu. Zabývá se komplexním přehledem tepelně komfortních jednotek v automobilu. Představuje použitou metodu měření tepelného komfortu u ventilovaného sedadla, načež analyzuje a vyhodnocuje jednotlivá získaná data.
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Extension of Intelligent Home by Thermoregulation Control
Köszegy, Lukáš ; Hájek, Josef (referee) ; Viktorin, Jan (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the integration of the heat regulator VPT made by the company Thermona into the system for intelligent home control called BeeeOn. In the theoretical part, the most specific components of BeeeOn system and heat regulator VPT are described. The most important part of this thesis consists of the design and implementation. It focuses on gather values measured by the VPT regulator by means of the HTTP protocol. The measured values are provided in a separate JSON data file. In these parts there are also described the necessary elements, which have to be integrated into the BeeeOn system and VPT regulator.
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Module for Electrodermal Activity recording
Vičar, Tomáš ; Harabiš, Vratislav (referee) ; Bubník, Karel (advisor)
This thesis describes electrodermal activity (EDA) and its origin based on the properties of the skin and thermoregulation of body. EDA is a signal having a close relationship to psychophysiology and its help we can evaluate a variety of emotional, motoric and attentional effects on the human organism. The thesis also discusses the possibility of sensing skin potential and conductatce and how to construct a module for its scanning and uploading to computer.
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The relationship between body dimensions and locomotion in human and other hominins
Fedrová, Johana ; Struška, Michal (advisor) ; Vážná, Anna (referee)
We work with estimates of body weights and dimensions of hominins derived from fossil finds. The reliability of the estimate is important for calculations related to thermoregulation and energetics of the individual. The termoregulation of individual is influenced by number of factors including breathing type, sweating ability, body hair, type of locomotion, size of limbs to size of body ratio. Hair loss allows for greater heat loss. The ability to sweat and thermoregulate in hominins is more important for running than for walking. Heat loss is influenced by the trunk breath and the distal limb element lenght. Body shape in the current human population conforms to Allen's rule. Populations living closer to the equator show smaller bi-iliac width and longer limbs relative to body size. This trend can be observed in hominins. The cost of locomotion, the cost needed to travel a given distance in a given time, is affected by the lower limb lenght. Longer lower limbs reduce this cost, they allow to cover the distance using fewer steps. Each step is more costly because more muscle power is needed to move the longer limb. The step lenght and the optimal movement speed of the individual is proportional to the individual's stature. Man excels in the ability of bipedal locomotion, which Australopithecus...
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Butterfly thermoregulation across habitats and climates
LAIRD-HOPKINS, Benita Carmen
Global warming, through rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns, is placing major stress on species and ecosystems. Understanding how species respond to temperature and the mechanisms underpinning thermoregulation can help us predict which species are most vulnerable in the face of warming. In this thesis, I explore how butterflies across different habitats and climates thermoregulate and the mechanisms, including morphology and behaviour, underlaying thermoregulatory ability. Firstly, when comparing the buffering ability of neotropical and temperate butterflies I found that tropical butterflies were able to maintain more stable body temperatures than temperate butterflies, and this was likely driven by their morphology. I also found that temperate butterflies used postural means to raise their body temperature more than neotropical species, likely an adaptation to the cooler air temperatures they experience. Secondly, I showed the importance of butterflies' thermoregulatory abilities at the community level, by comparing thermoregulation of European butterflies across geographic regions and climatic zones. This study highlighted that behavioural thermoregulation, including the use of microclimates and postural means, drives regional differences in butterflies' thermoregulatory abilities. Finally, I utilised the Müllerian mimicry exhibited in Heliconius butterflies to untangle the contributions of morphology and phylogeny in butterfly thermoregulation, investigating thermal traits, including buffering ability, take-off temperature and heating rate. I found that morphology, not phylogeny, was the main driver of thermoregulation in these butterflies. Further, I investigated differences in the thermoregulatory ability of Heliconius butterflies from different habitats. I found that species from colder habitats were able to maintain a more stable body temperature and took off at a lower temperature than those from hotter habitats, suggesting there is local adaptation or acclimation in thermal traits. Overall, this work highlights that species have their own unique thermoregulatory abilities, as a result of the thermal environment they experience, and that thermoregulation is driven by morphology, behaviour and physiology. My findings have important consequences for predicting the impacts of climate change on ectotherms, by highlighting variation in thermal ability which makes some populations and species more vulnerable, while others more resilient. This thesis lays the groundwork for future studies comparing species' thermal traits across climates and habitats, increasing our understanding of how species cope with climate and land-use change.
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Measuring body temperature in pre-hospital care
DEJMEK, Michal
The thesis deals with the problematic of measurement of body temperature in the prehospital emergency care. The theoretical part focuses on the physiology of thermoregulation, on the generation of heat in the body, on its expenditure and on the control of body temperature. Furthermore, it deals with measurement of body temperature, its classification, places for measurement and description of the individual types of thermometers. The conclusion of the thesis is focused on the pathological conditions connected with the body temperature, which we can meet with in prehospital emergency care. The individual conditions are analyzed from pathophysiology to treatment. The empiric part is divided into two parts. In the first part, two thermometers are compared, how they differ in measured values and further, the results are statistically compared. The research sample was made up of random patients in prehospital emergency care. In the second part of the research, the method of qualitative research based on semi-structured interviews was used. The first objective was to find out which options of body temperature measurement do paramedics have in ambulances. The second objective was to map the experience of paramedics with monitoring of body temperature in the prehospital emergency care. The research sample was made up of 5 professional paramedics from the South Bohemian Region and Vysočina Region. The results were categorized into 13 categories. From the results of the research is apparent that there is a significant statistical difference between the used thermometers, which differ from each other in measured values. The second part of the research shows that paramedics consider the current state to be insufficient for the reason that they do not have thermometer with a larger temperature range available. All respondents agreed they would welcome having a thermometer with a larger temperature range in their ambulances.
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The Effect of Hardening on the Human Body
Berounská, Natálie ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Přívratský, Vladimír (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of hardening and its effect on the human organism. The goal is to fing out what and whether hardening has any effect on the human organism. The theoretical part describes the history of hardening, its various forms and the principles that we should follow during hardening if we want to experience its positive effect and avoid potential danger. It also includes the hardening of children which has its own specifics. Furthermore, the concept of thermoregulation and other concepts related to physiological processes that také place in the human body not only during and after staying in cold water are explained in the theoretical part. In the practical part, three groups of probands are compered with the help of a questionnaire: 100 sports hardeners, 90 hardeners and 95 non-hardeners. With the help of a quesionnaire, it is determined what and whether hardening has an effect on the human organism. After comparing all three groups, the results show that for the majority of respondents, hardening has a positive effect on both the physical and psychological aspects of a person. It was also conformed, for example, that sports hard people and hard people cope a little beter with disease form a cold (milder and shorter course). In the conclusion, all three groups of...
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